Conventional Thermal

Alcoa Gas-Fired Cogeneration Facility
Alinta is building a cogeneration facility at Alcoa's Pinjarra Alumina Refinery.	The A$300m facility is being built in two stages, each with a GT and HRSG.	The cogeneration units will be built on a 2.5ha site within Alcoa's Pinjarra Alumina Refinery.
Waste heat from the gas turbines will generate steam for Alcoa's Pinjarra refinery.	Predicted maximum 1hr average ground level concentrations of NO2.	Predicted annual average ground level concentrations of NO2.

Beilungang Coal-Fired
Beilungang power plant.	The Beilungang plant serves burgeoning demand in the East China Grid, which has experienced remarkable industrial growth in the past ten years.	The plant consists of three 600MW coal-fired units.
Unit two of Beilungang power plant was completed in 1994.	In the mid-1990s Zhejiang province on the east coast of China began an accelerated programme of transportation and infrastructure development to keep abreast of its economic growth.

Callide Coal
Callide Oxyfuel Project technologies.	Schlumberger is one of the partners for the oxyfuel demonstration project. The CarbonWorkFlow process helps assess and manage risk and to optimise CO2 storage projects.	Australia’s energy resources.
The Callide A Project will retrofit the coal-fired power plant with an oxy-combustion boiler.

Comanche 3 Power Station Expansion, CO
Comanche Station at dusk.	Comanche Station site.	Comanche steam blow.
Comanche transmission towers.	Comanche Unit 3 will feature advanced emission controls reducing sulphur dioxide (SO2, by 65%) and nitrogen oxide (NOx, by 30%) emissions, even despite the doubling in overall electric generation.	When Comanche Unit 3 is finished, the whole site will provide electricity for a third of Colorado’s communities.

Dangjin Coal-Fired Power Plant
Dangjin power plant is fitted with low-NOx and coal-dust suppression equipment, and has desulphurisation and denitrification scrubbers.	Units one and two were completed and commissioned in 1999. Units three and four began operations in June 2001.

Dezhou Coal-Fired Power Plant
Dezhou has added an extra 1,320MW to the existing coal-fired plant in Dezhou, China.	Dezhou City is located in the northwestern part of Shandong Province in China.	Percentage growth in installed capacity, generation and GDP in China 1991–98.
Installed capacity by network in China, 1998.

Drax Power Station
The six generators at the Drax power station in Selby, Yorkshire deliver 4,000MW of power.	Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) equipment removes 90% of SO2 from emissions.	1,000t coal trains deliver coal to the station.
Pulverising mills crush the coal into a fine powder using large metal balls.	Each turbine has a high-pressure turbine, an intermediate-pressure turbine and three low-pressure turbines.	Drax supplies about 7% of the UK's electricity
On one of its six generators, Drax has commissioned a 'direct injection' system for burning coppiced willow.	Drax is a major customer for the UK's coalmines.

Elk River 200MW plant
Siemens Power Generation is supplying a simple cycle 200MW power plant for Elk River, Minnesota.	Siemens’ turbine has a unique fast-start capability, delivering around 150MW within ten minutes.	Ambient temperature versus net power at same metal temperature.
Ambient temperature versus net power at same firing temperature.	Siemens’ compressor and rotor (overhead view).

Escondido Research and Technology Centre
The California region suffered massive shortages of power in 2000.	Sempra cooperated with JRMC Real Estate on the Escondido Research and Technology Centre (ERTC) and 550MW power plant.	The reclaimed water comes from the Hale Avenue Resource Recovery Facility through a 1.8km, 41cm pipeline made of PVC.
The system uses two heavy-duty single-shaft combustion natural gas-fired turbines with a hot exhaust of over 1,100°C.	Steam runs through the steam-fired generator and evaporated through a plume-abated mechanical draft cooling tower.	A number of companies were interested in supplying cooling tower technology equipment, which had to meet a number of technical criterion.

Fiume Santo Power Station
The Fiume Santo Power Station.	The project required the retrofit of the ash cooler to handle the bottom ash, to improve coal waste management.

Francisco Perez Rios Power Plant Upgrade, Tula
Comisión Federal de Electricidad (CFE) has upgraded the Francisco Perez Rios power plant at Tula, Mexico.	The I&C system has been upgraded to a second generation DCS (Digital Control System). This offers many benefits.	CFE has hydro, thermal, wind-driven and nuclear power plants.
Electric power generation at the Comisión Federal de Electricidad now comes from hydro, thermal, wind-driven and nuclear power plants.	Independent producers produce almost a third of CFE's generating capacity.

Ghazlan II Power Plant
Sceco-East has built an additional 2,400MW power plant at Ghazlan.	The expansion made Ghazlan the biggest power station in the Middle East.	MHI supercritical steam turbine.

Hadong Coal-Fired Power Plant
A final 500MW unit has been added to the Hadong power plant, taking output to 3,000MW.	Hadong coal-fired power plant.	Aerial view of Hadong coal power plant.
Hadong units one and two under construction.	Hadong units five and six under construction.

IHI Tarong Coal-Fired Power Station
Tarong North has joined the existing Tarong Power Station (shown here) in Queensland, Australia.	Tarong North uses the same supply points as the Tarong Power Station.	Tarong Energy Corporation Limited sold a 50% stake in Tarong North to Tepco and Mitsui.
Tarong Energy owns Tarong and (50% of) Tarong North coal-fired power stations.	The Tarong North power station develops 450MW.	Tarong North cost A$650m.

Jorf Lasfar Coal-Fired Power Plant Expansion
The process automation system is one of the key parts of the power plant.	A map of Morocco showing Jorf Lasfar to the south of Casablanca.	The two new units double the Jorf Lasfar plant's capacity.

Kogan Creek Coal-Fired Power Station, Queensland
An international Siemens-led consortium built a 750MW supercritical-steam coal-fired power station at Kogan Creek, near Chinchilla in Queensland, Australia.	Siemens' Varioplant 700 has life-cycle costs optimised for coal-fired plants.	Kogan Creek uses 2.8 million t/yr of coal from the nearby coal deposit.
A 'turbine island' comprises the turbine building and its installed components.

Laverton North Natural Gas Power Station
The 320MW Laverton North natural gas power station is built around two Siemens V94.2 gas turbine generator sets.	Standardised power blocks allow Siemens to design a large number of plants with an identical core.	Snowy Hydro's electricity supply chain as part of the National Electricity Market (NEM).
Snowy Hydro is not a major generator in the Australian NEM.

Lippendorf Power Plant
The Lippendorf lignite power plant.	The modernized Lippendorf power plant is now producing 16,000MW.	New units include 4,000MW of lignite-fuelled base-load production and 4,000MW of static load production.
GEC Alsthom Energie and EUT carried out engineering of both new units.	ABB supplied turbines and generators.	The Lippendorf power station is 15km south of Leipzig, and was the second in a new series of lignite powered stations.

Majuba Coal Fired Power Plant
Turbine floor of the Majuba Power Station, 16m level.	Bag filter No. 4 at Majuba.	Eskom capacity by type, 2000.

Manjung Coal-Fired Power Plant,
The Manjung coal-fired power plant is sited on a man-made island off the coast of Perek, Malaysia.	The foundations of the pump-house at Manjung coal-fired power plant.	Lekir Bulk Terminal extends 2km from a man-made island off the coast of Perek.
In September 2002 the terminal was completed, ready to unload six billion tonnes of coal per year.	Alstom supplied the steam turbines for Manjung.

Map Ta Phut
Map Ta Phut is one of the largest IPP investments in Southeast Asia.	State utility Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) will buy baseload power.	Map Ta Phut is located on the industrial estate in Rayongto.
Empower specialises in power plant training and won the contract to provide training for the Map Ta Phut operators.

Maritza East Conventional
Alstom supplies both dry flue gas desulfurisation or (shown here) wet gas scrubbers.	Alstom supplies steam generation, combustion, fuel technology and heat recovery systems.	Alstom’s Topgas generator set is an indirectly hydrogen-cooled turbogenerator.
The Topgas turbogenerator can produce above 500 MVA.	Alstom steam turbines are available as back-pressure or condensing types.	Topgas has stainless steel hollow conductors in the stator bar, retightenable stator end winding support system, and 3-circle sealing for shaft decoupled from bearing.

Medupi Coal-Fired Power Station
The plant's construction began in August 2007.	The power plant will have six units that will together generate 4,800MW.	Medupi is expected to be operational for nearly 50 years.
The plant will cover 883ha on a site that was previously used for sports and cattle grazing.	The plant will accommodate six boilers, each powered by an 800MW turbine.

Millmerran Coal
Besides Millmerran, InterGen has several power stations around the world.	Millmerran is a 850-MW power station in South West Queensland, Australia. (CBH)	CBH has maintenance agreements to perform unit outage work at Millmerran.
BlueScope Steel provided structural and cladding to Bechtel Corporation.	Bechtel Power constructed Millmerran under a lumpsum turnkey contract.

Pha Lai Coal-Fired Power Plant
EVN has constructed the largest coal-fired plant in Vietnam.	Pha Lai 2 conventional thermal power plant.	Circulation is aided by the furnace's octagonal design.
To design a suitable plant, the Vietnamese coal was subjected to elaborate tests at a single burner facility in the UK.	It is estimated that nitrogen oxide emissions will be reduced by as much as 15% to 30%.	Schneider won a contract from consortium member, Stone & Webster, which supplied the main piping systems and electrical distribution system.

Rifaa II Plant Upgrade
Alstom supplies gas turbines ranging from 56MW to 281MW.	The EV burner has no moving parts and works with gaseous and liquid fuels.	Alstom has a long history supplying air pollution control technologies.
Bahrain has four main power stations: Rifaa, Manama, Sitra and Hidd.	Alstom has signed a major modernisation contract for the Rifaa II power plant in Bahrain.	Rifaa will be upgraded during scheduled major turbine overhauls.

Riverside Coal Fired Plant
A major repowering project is converting the Riverside coal fired power plant to natural gas combined-cycle firing.	Xcel’s US$212m repowered plant should supply 439MW.	Xcel’s Riverside repowering project should be complete by May 2009.
Emerson Process Management upgraded the existing control system to Ovation.	A single Emerson network controls Riverside Units 7 and 8.	Xcel Energy is also installing emissions control equipment at the Allen S. King plant under MERP.

Rocky Point
Rocky Point-3 is supplying 30MW to the Rocky Point Sugar Mill. (Stanwell)	When built, Rocky Point-3 was Australia's largest biomass power plant. (Stanwell)	Carbon Dioxide Cycle Flowchart. (Government of Australia)
Biomass is used to fuel cogeneration plant boilers. (Government of Australia)	The project is supplying 30MW to power the Rocky Point Sugar Mill. (Austrian Energy)	Sawmill waste deposits can be used to generate energy. (Caddet)

Rwe Power Lignite-Fired Plant, Neurath
RWE Power started expanding the Neurath power station in January 2006.	Germany is planning 24 new power stations with total output of 20GW.	RWE's Emissions Profile in Germany. The company provides 20 million customers with electricity.
Neurath is located in the Lower Rhine brown coal mining area, close to Cologne.	Babcock-Hitachi Europe is consortium leader and is supplying the steam generators.	GEA Group's cooling towers use wet cooling.
Siemens' I&C systems control the plant.

Saudi Aramco Cogeneration Plants
Saudi Aramco awarded International Power and Saudi Oger the contract for four Cogeneration Plants in Saudi Arabia.	Saudi Aramco has offices in Houston, Washington, New York, London, Leiden, Dubai, Singapore, Beijing, Hong Kong, Tokyo and Seoul.	Saudi Aramco is one of the world's largest gas producers.
International Power's total equity commitment to the Saudi Arabian project is estimated to be £50m.	International Power's Al Kamil, Oman project.	International Power owns 60% of the project company that developed, owns and operates the four plants.

Southwest Power Station Unit 2 for City Utilities of Springfield, Missouri
A number of coal and gas plants are planned in the US in 2005–2014.	Toshiba generators will generate electricity for the Southwest Power Station Unit 2 in Springfield, Missouri, US.	Efficient design reduces sources of generator power loss.
Toshiba has been producing turbines since the 1950s.	Carson Mitchell sank the foundations for the 513ft Unit 2 concrete chimney.

Springerville Generating Station,
SGS 1 and 2 are owned by TEP.	SGS supplies power to TEP, Tri-State Generation & Transmission, and SRP. Source: Tri-State Generation	Bechtel was project contractor for Unit 3.
Salt River Project also takes power from SGS.	Peabody's North Antelope Rochelle Mine supplies coal to SGS.	NASA's Earth Observatory image of North Antelope Rochelle Mine.

Stanwell Coal Power Station
Stanwell Power Station is 22km west of Rockhampton in Queensland, Australia.	The A$1.6bn power station develops 1400MW.	Stanwell is sited on 1,600 hectares of land.
Turbine boiler house at Stanwell.	Stanwell’s northern stormwater dam.	The turbine hall at Stanwell Power Station.
Stanwell Power Station – view of cooling tower from bottom to top.

Subiya Oil-Fired
300kV substation at the Subiya power plant in Kuwait under construction.	Merz and McLellan acted as consultants on the project.	Forecast installed generating capacity in Kuwait, 1999–2003.
Oil producing fields in Kuwait, 2000.	Location of the Subiya plant.	Final configuration of the intake channel with 14 vanes at the entrance.

Taichung Coal-Fired
A hydrogen cooled generator from Toshiba.	A 2P-60Hz - 1,120MVA Toshiba generator.	Taipower installed capacity by type, 1999.
Taipower electricity sales, 1999.	Forecast Taipower peak and average load, 1999–2007.	BKL Consultants made field measurements of noise from large equipment on the site.

Vallur Conventional
NTPC has grown steadily since 1986.	NTPC has more than a quarter of India's power generation and a fifth of its capacity.	NTPC performance has been rising steadily since 1996.
Tamil Nadu Energy Board will have an equal stake in the Vallur project with NTPC.	NTPC and Tamil Nadu Electricity Board formed the Tamil Nadu Energy Company joint venture company.

Wayang Windu Geothermal Plant
A 117MW turbine has been added to the Wayang Windu geothermal plant.	The new 117MW unit more than doubles Wayang Windu’s output to 217MW.	Wayang Windu is Indonesia’s largest geothermal plant.
Star Energy owns Wayang Windu through its Magma Nusantara subsidiary.

Yangcheng Coal-Fired Power Plant,
View of Yangcheng turbine building one.	Yangcheng turbine floor units one and two.	View of Yangcheng turbine building two.
View of Yangcheng turbine buildings three and four.	View of Yangcheng turbine buildings four, five and six.	View of Yangcheng administration building.

Yonghungdo Power Plant
Yonghungdo power plant.	The twin supercritical coal-fired units at Yonghungdo are 800MW apiece.	Yonghungdo power plant design.
KEPCO generation capacity by technology 1999.	Emerson Process Management's APC (Advanced Process Control) Toolkit embeds advanced control and optimisation functions.

Yuhuan 1,000MW Ultra-Supercritical Pressure Boilers
Proportion of >200MW coal plant ordered (yellow is subcritical, red supercritical).	China is embracing large unit ultra-supercritical technology.	Worldwide coal-fired capacity by region 2002–2025.
New coal-fired capacity additions through 2025 (Siemens).	Of the 1,000 units working in China, ten 600MW-class are supercritical.	Ultra-supercritical plants have higher efficiencies than supercritical and subcritical ones.

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