Renewables

Balcas Sawmill CHP Plant, Fermanagh,
Balcas' plan to build a bio fuel pellet CHP plant received a £1 million interest free loan through NIE's SMART programme.	Most sawlog produced in County Mayo is transported to Balcas Timber.	Balcas is located in the southwest corner of Northern Ireland, in County Fermanagh.

Bavaria Solarpark, World’s Largest PV Project, Bavaria
Solar power hedges against rising peak electricity prices.	Solar systems reduce daily peak energy consumption.	The PV systems use silicon cells to convert energy from sunlight into electricity.
Direct current from the PV modules is converted to alternating current by an electronic inverter.	Solar energy in Germany is greatest in the south, where Bavaria Solarpark is located.	The Bavaria Solarpark is distributed across three sites.
A partnership led by California-based PowerLight has constructed the Bavaria Solarpark at Minihof and two other sites.	The Güenching site develops 1.9MW.	The project uses 57,600 PV panels.
The Muelhausen site of the Bavaria Solarpark develops 6.3MW.

Birsfelden Hydroelectric Plant
Further repowering has made Birsfelden operations more automated.	One of the repowerings has deepened the Rhine.	Birsfelden now uses waste heat for district heating.
Kraftwerke Birsfelden owns the plant.	The plant was commissioned in 1954, and has been repowered in three stages.

Blyth Offshore Wind Turbines
The offshore wind plant hosts two wind turbines erected 1km off the coast of Blyth, Northumberland.	Blyth offshore wind farm was officially opened in December 2000.	When built, the 2MW turbines were the world's largest.
The turbines have to withstand the wind and waves of the North Sea.	The turbines, manufactured by Danish wind energy company Vestas, were installed by the marine division of AMEC Capital Projects and Seacore.

Buena Vista Wind Farm Repowering, California
GE has developed a $1.75bn renewable energy portfolio.	Renewable resources are abundant, but not uniformly distributed.	Changes to average wind turbine rated output.
Comparison of new and conventional wind turbines.	The world's wind power business has seen an annual growth rate of over 30%.	The 1MW turbines have reduced the Buena Vista site footprint from 1,000ha to 160ha for the same power.
The MWT 1000A was developed for regions with low average wind speeds, around 6–8m/s.

Buffalo Gap 2, Texas
GE's WindCONTROL system regulates voltage and power in real time.	With GE's WindRIDE-THRU, wind turbines can remain online and feed reactive power to the electric grid through major system disturbances.	GE's integrated suite of controls and electronics provides benefits similar to conventional power plants.
Wind generation plants in Texas.	The new 1.5MW turbines bring Buffalo Gap capacity up to 354MW.	The best areas for wind power lie in the west of Texas.

Bujagali Hydro-Power Dam, Jinja
Bujagali Falls, the site for the proposed hydro-electric power station.	Construction of the Bujagali plant was due to begin in January 2003, but was initially delayed after vocal protests by environmentalists and residents of the area.	Protests against the dam focus on the potential damage to vegetation and bio-diversity. The tourism industry will also be dramatically affected.
Bujagali Falls is just one of several hydropower plants planned along the upper part of the White Nile.	If the Bujagali Falls project comes on line, Uganda will see its electricity supply match its demand for the first time in years.

Burbo Offshore Wind Farm
Burbo has 25 3.6MW Siemens wind turbines.	The turbines started commercial operation at the end of 2007.	Siemens supplied the turbines for the £90m project.
Siemens erected the Burbo turbines in less than 1.5 months.	Offshore turbine blades must be strong because repair costs would be high.	Despite their size, the blades must be exactly aerodynamically shaped.
The 90MW Burbo Offshore Wind Farm is in Liverpool Bay, Wales.

Callahan Divide Wind Energy Center, TX
Callahan Divide Wind Energy Center adds 114MW of wind capacity to the Texas grid.	Callahan Divide uses 76 GE Energy 1.5MW wind turbines.	The 1.5MW GE machines are active yaw and pitch regulated.
Wind power remains the world's fastest growing energy technology.

Canunda Wind Farm, Lake Bonney
AGL, which is buying the electricity output, has a similar agreement to buy electricity from the Starfish Hill wind farm.	First studies for Canunda were performed by Wind Prospect.	Canunda wind farm will have 23 2MW Vestas turbines.
AGL is Australia's largest energy retailer.	Wind Prospect was responsible for site selection at Canunda.	Wind Prospect is involved with all aspects of wind energy development.
Troubridge Investigator Strait is also a Wind Prospect project.

Caruachi Hydroelectric Power Plant
Caruachi dam under construction.	VA Tech Hydro gates at Caruachi.	High-voltage power equipment from ABB.
ABB surge arrester.

Cedar Creek Wind Farm, Colarado
History of MHI wind-turbine power generator development.	Babcock & Brown Wind Partners Group have now acquired a 100% Class B membership interest in Cedar Creek.	GE supplied 53 1,500kW turbines to Cedar Creek.
Westwood performed ALTA surveys on land for the Cedar Creek wind farm.	Cedar Creek was a joint venture between Babcock & Brown (67%) and BP Alternative Energy (33%).	BP Alternative Energy concentrates on low- and zero-carbon power generation.

Cefn Croes Wind Project,
Co-developer at Cefn Croes, Falck Renewables Limited, has projects in the UK, Spain and Italy.	Falck Renewables took over the Cefn Croes project when it acquired Cambrian Wind Energy Limited.	The GE wind turbines are active yaw and pitch regulated, with power / torque control and an asynchronous generator.
There have been complaints about the project, including the concrete making factory that has been constructed at the site.	Cefn Croes is close to Aberystwyth.	GE Wind Energy has also developed a 3.6MW prototype turbine.

Crossness
The Crossness scheme will improve water quality for the River Thames.	Crossness will gain additional treatment works and a new wind turbine.	Crossness is one of Europe's largest STWs.
The improvements should be completed by 2014.	New Environment Agency standards will demand increased capacity and effluent quality by March 2014.	The investment at Crossness will be £400m.
The STW already burns sludge to generate 20% of its energy – the wind turbine will raise this to 50%.

Crystal Rig Wind Farm Expansion, Scotland
Crystal Rig uses 25 Nordex N80 wind turbines.	Another five turbines are being added to the 50MW Crystal Rig wind farm in East Lothian, Scotland.	With the same physical dimensions as previous models, the Nordex turbines have an output of 2.5MW.
Because wind farm applications above 50MW need to be approved by the Scottish Minister, Fred Olsen Renewables could initially only construct 20 turbines.	The N80 has a rotor diameter of 80m.	Condition monitoring improves turbine maintenance and extends lifetime.

CTDS chp
Séchilienne-SIDEC owns 25% of CTDS, which operates the new plant in Mauritius.	Séchilienne-SIDEC is involved in a number of bagasse projects.	Sugar cane, which can be converted to bagasse.
Bagasse processing.	A 35MW coal and bagasse CHP plant has been added in Mauritius.	The CTDS coal/bagasse plant started up in 2005.
Bagasse is an important earner for Mauritius.

Dai Ninh Hydro Plant
Canada has been involved in several Vietnamese dam projects including Dai Ninh, marked number 2 (Probe International).	The Toshiba generator rotor used in Dai Ninh produces up to 300MW.	Toshiba has developed dual-action type electric servomotors for guide vanes on its smaller turbines.
Toshiba’s all-in-one control equipment includes all control/protection, governor, AVR, and telecommunication.	Toshiba has also developed a micro hydro system for sites with low effective heads (2m to 15m).	Brushless excitation system developed by Toshiba.
Toshiba’s static excitation system.

Egmond aan Zee Offshore Wind Farm
Egmond aan Zee produces 108MW and cost around €200m.	The NoordzeeWind wind farm is located 10 to 18km from the coast.	The project was the first large wind farm to be built off the Dutch coast in the North Sea.
The Egmond aan Zee offshore wind farm (OWEZ) has 36 Vestas V90-3.0 turbines.	NoordzeeWind is a joint venture by Shell and utility company Nuon.	BCE is a partnership between Ballast Nedam and Vestas.
BCE carried out construction and is responsible for day-to-day operational management.

Elecnor Starts 20MW PV Project
The Trujillo 20MW PV system uses PowerLight’s PowerTracker modules.	Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases trap infrared radiation.	Solar power can significantly reduce peak energy consumption.
The power from multiple PV modules is combined, inverted and transformed.	Sunlight generates electrons and holes in a semiconducting material, and these generate current and power.	Solar and other forms of renewable power are needed to halt the rise in global average temperatures.

Ertan Hydropower Plant, Yalong River
The 3,300MW Ertan Hydropower plant includes Asia's largest underground powerhouse, and one of the world's longest diversion tunnels.	Ertan dam from the downstream side.

Eskilstuna
Kvaerner Power supplied the HYBEX® boiler using BFB technology producing 110MW steam with high steam parameters of 139bar and 540°C. The boiler burns biomass with a wide moisture range of 30% to 55%.	The first Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Powerformer generator is delivered to Eskilstuna.	Eskilstuna plant achieves 110% total efficiency utilizing condensing flue gas scrubber with heat recovery.

Ethanol Power Plant
Juiz de Fora power generation station is powered by two 43MW GE LM6000 PF gas turbines	GE LM6000 aeroderivative gas turbine	The GE LM6000 PF fuelled by ethanol
The control room

Farmingdale Rooftop Photovoltaic System,
Arial view of Fala rooftop.	The roof consists of 13,464 PowerLight PV panels.	Peak output is 1.01MW of electricity.
The roof generates around 1,065,000kWh of power annually.	The installation reduces Fala's energy bill by 10%.	The total solar array size of 10,270m².
The system is designed, manufactured and installed by PowerLight Corporation.	The project is saving Fala an estimated 33% on its peak load requirements.

Ghazi Barotha Run-of-River Hydroelectric Project
Ghazi Barotha is a run-of-the-river hydroelectric project near to Islamabad.	Ghazi Barotha hydro plant construction.	The undersluices and head regulator at the run-of-river project.
Ghazi Barotha dam under construction.	Barrage layout at the Ghazi Barotha hydroelectric project.	Power demand and supply in Pakistan is expected to create a considerable deficit by 2010.
Ghazi Barotha financing.

Grand Coulee
The Grand Coulee dam facility is now producing 6,480MW.	G-18 turbine shaft.	Right powerhouse turbine control bay at Grand Coulee.
Third powerhouse stator shell.	Third powerhouse generator at Grand Coulee.	Third powerhouse generator.
Third powerhouse turbine.

Havøygavlen Windmill Park,
The Havøygavlen windmill park officially opened in northern Norway in June 2003 with annual capacity of around 120GWh.	Havøygavlen, the world's most northerly windmill park, has an annual output of around 120GWh, enough to service between 5,000 and 6,000 households in Norway.	The 16 windmills are 120m high and feature rotor blades which, when combined, cover an area of 5,000m² and produce energy at wind speeds of up to 25m/s.
The Nordex N80/2,500kW speed-variable wind turbines used at the Havøygavlen Park are of a three-bladed design with an 80m rotor diameter.

Hawaii Small-Scale Energy Projects, HI
Renewable energy projects in Hawaii include five wind farms, a combined photovoltaic, wind and diesel plant, and a combined solar and wind power plant.	Parker Ranch is using the PowerTracker system manufactured by PowerLight Corporation.	The basic components of a PowerLight grid-connected photovoltaic system.
Wind farms like that at Kahuku have been built for 20 years. Hawaii is well placed to take advantage of wind power.	Many states in the US are suitable for wind energy power plants.	Hawaii Electric Company's wind farm at South Kohala, Island of Hawaii.
The South Point wind power plant has 37 Mitsubishi 250kW wind turbines.

Hibikinada
Ten 1.5MW wind turbines at the Hibikinada wind farm will generate 35 million kWh annually.	The turbines comprises Nacelle (1) Heat Exchanger (2), Generator (3), Control Panel (4), Main Frame (5), Impact Noise Reduction (6), Hydraulic Parking Brake (7), Gearbox (8), Impact Noise Reduction (9), Yaw Drive (10 and 11), Main Shaft (12), Oil Cooler (13), Pitch Drive (14), Rotor Hub (15) and Nose Cone (16).	GE turbines at 15MW Bockelwitz Wind Power Facility, Germany.
The turbines are active yaw and pitch regulated, with power/torque control capability and an asynchronous generator.	GE's turbines store the energy in gusts by accelerating the rotor.

Hong Kong Offshore Wind Farm
Hong Kong's first offshore wind farm is expected to produce 1% of HKSAR's total power generation.	The project is considering using suction caisson technology for the foundations of the wind farm.	A view of the site of the Hong Kong offshore wind farm from Sai Kung Country Park – how it is expected to look by the time of completion.
The wind farm is expected to have no negative environmental impact on the region.

Horns Rev Offshore Wind Farm
Denmark has turned to wind power to reduce CO2 emissions.	Horns Rev uses 80 Vestas V80 2MW turbines.	Horns Rev was the world's largest offshore wind farm when installed in 2002.
Vattenfall's 160MW Horns Rev is off the west coast of Denmark.	The wind farm is owned by Vattenfall (60%) and Dong Energy (40%).	The turbines have an 80m rotor diameter and 70m hub height.
Horns Rev generates enough power to supply nearly 2% of Denmark's total electricity consumption.

Itá Hydroelectric Power Plant
The 1,450MW Itá hydroelectric project has helped hydropower to generate more than 93% of Brazil's energy production.	Hydro power makes up an estimated 93% of Brazil's energy production.	The plant is located on the River Uruguay, 550km from Florianópolis.
The new 1,450MW hydroelectric station generates energy the equivalent of 60% of the annual consumption of the entire state of Santa Catarina.

Kaohsiung Solar Power Plant
Asia's biggest HCPV solar power plant is located in Kaohsiung County, Taiwan.	A map of Taiwan.	The new plant in Taiwan has 141 huge solar panels.

Karkamis
The Karkamis dam and hydroelectric plant is located on the Euphrates River in Southeastern Turkey.	When finished, GAP will irrigate 1.69 million hectares of land and generate 23,000GW of hydroelectricity annually.	The Karkamis dam is one of the smaller dams in the South Eastern Anatolian Project (GAP - Güneydogu Anadolu Projesi).
VA Tech Elin delivered, installed and commissioned the electrical equipment.	Karkamis has a powerhouse, spillway and two earth filled dams. Work began in 1996

Kazunogawa Hydroelectric Power Plant
The Kazunogawa hydroelectric project was constructed by the Tokyo Electric & Power Company (TEPCO).	The Kazunogawa hydropower plant consists of four 400MW generating units.

Kenya Electricity Generating Company Olkaria II Expansion, Nairobi
Geothermal cycle.	Mitsubishi has supplied geothermal plants to 14 countries worldwide.	The 35MW Olkaria expansion is being built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.
KenGen is building a third unit at its Olkaria II geothermal power station.	Kenya now takes above 75% of its power from hydro.	Kengen plant availability and staff breakdown.
Olkaria taps the geothermal field in Kenya's Rift Valley.

Kymijärvi Biomass CFB Gasifier
Kymijärvi biomass CFB (Circulating Fluidised Bed) gasifier.	The Kymijärvi biomass plant's maximum power capacity is 167MWe and the maximum district heat production is 240MW.	Power is in great demand during the Finnish winter months because of the severe climate.
The Kymijärvi plant uses direct gasification of wet biofuel together with natural gas.	Lahden Lämpövoima Oy is the sole owner of the plant.	The city of Lahti owns 10% of Lahden Lämpövoima Oy, and the rest belongs to Fortum Oy (the utility company formerly known as IVO).

Lewis Wind Farm
Lewis Wind Farm is the first large scale wind power plant in Western Isles.	Lewis Wind Farm will employ 33 turbines of each 3.6MW generation capacity.	The maximum height of the turbines is 140m and the rotor diameter is 107m.

London Array Offshore Wind Farm
The London Array will be around 15km from the Kent and Essex coasts in the outer Thames Estuary.	The London Array could have over 340 turbines in an area of up to around 245km².	Layout of the proposed onshore substation at Cleve Hill.
The 1,000MW London Array will be the world's largest offshore wind farm.	The London Array could cost around £1.5bn.

Lower Kihansi Hydropower Project
Lower Kihansi Hydropower project, Tanzania.	This concrete gravity dam on the Kihansi River has a height of 25m and a length of 200m, which creates a reservoir with a storage volume of one million cubic metres.

Lynn and Inner Dowsing Offshore Wind Farms
Ode acted as Project Manager for Centrica on Lynn and Inner Dowsing.	HR Wallingford made site specific forecasts of prevailing weather conditions during construction.	Lynn and Inner Dowsing Test Pile.
Lynn is 5.2km offshore Skegness, and Inner Dowsing is 5.2km offshore Ingoldmells.	The 90MW Lynn and Inner Dowsing offshore wind farms have started construction.	The 54 wind turbines will provide enough power for more than 130,000 homes.
The wind farms use more than 50 3.6MW Siemens turbines.

Middelgrunden
Location of the Middelgrunden plant.	The Middelgrunden wind farm is composed of 20 turbines, each providing 400kW.	Constructing the foundations of the wind turbines at Middelgrunden, Denmark.
Middelgrunden, the world's largest offshore wind farm is now producing 85,000MWh yearly. Photo: Earth-vision.biz	The Middelgrunden turbines have corrosion protection, and built-in service cranes. Photo: Earth-vision.biz	Middelgrunden wind farm has a total length of 3.4km. Photo: Earth-vision.biz
PERI's GRV circular formwork had an arched formwork 13.50m wide and 8.40m high.	Funnel-shaped formwork with GRV articulated waler for a stormwater settlement tank.

Mokai Geothermal Power Plant
New Zealand has extensive high-pressure geothermal resources.	The ground's electrical resistivity gives one way of determining the extent of geothermal systems.	Ormat geothermal power plants.
Mighty River Power generates hydro power at the Waikato power stations.	ORMAT's Energy Converter binary units are in use at Mokai.	Century Drilling performed well drilling and testing.
Century Drilling performed well drilling and testing.

Montalto di Castro 6MW PV Plant, Viterbo
The Montalto photovoltaic plant is Italy's largest PV plant.	Enel opened the PV power plant on 7 August 2009.	Photovoltaic panels for the plant were supplied by Sharp in a joint venture with Enel.
With an installed capacity of 6MW, the Montalto di Castro plant is among the largest power plants in Europe.

Nathpa Jhakri
National Hydroelectric Power Corporation sites in India.	Installed capacity in India by region, 1999.	Electricity shortages in India by region, 1999.
Electricity supply in India, 1992–99.	Installed industrial capacity in India by fuel type, 1999.

Nevada Power 3.1MW Solar Project, Las Vegas
Sharp makes many of the solar cells and modules produced worldwide.	Sharp has sites world-wide for solar panel manufacturing.	The Las Vegas project is one of the world’s largest photovoltaic systems.
The 3.1MW solar electric array is being built by PowerLight Corporation, and in total has 11 separate systems.	Over the next 30 years, the Las Vegas project will save the equivalent of 5.8 million barrels of oil.	Three 225kW Xantrex inverters convert the DC output to AC.

North Luzon Wind Power Project
Philippine Energy Development Corporation generates electricity from geothermal, and soon, wind power.	NLWPP is an undertaking between the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) and the Philippine National Oil Company (PNOC).	The EDC runs the first geothermal power plant for the Mindanao grid, at Mount Apo.
EDC offers drilling services to geothermal-rich countries like Papua New Guinea, El Salvador, Japan, Indonesia, Guatemala, Kenya and Iran.	EDC's Energy Drilling Division (EDD) constructed seven geothermal wells in Papua New Guinea.

Offshore Windfarm Lillgrund
Lillgrund will use 48 Siemens' SWT-2.3-93 turbines.	Siemens is building Sweden’s largest offshore wind farm in Lillgrund.	The 110MW Lillgrund wind farm should generate about 330GW/h per year.
Lillgrund is scheduled to come online in late 2007.	The new wind farm is near Malmö, off Sweden’s south coast.

Örnsköldsvik 130MW Biofuel Boiler Plant
The new plant uses bubbling fluidised bed (BFB) combustion.	The company’s hydro beam floor can burn various fuels.	The system uses water-cooled air beams.
Kvaerner produces two types of fluidised bed boilers, the HYBEX and CYMIC.	The Örnsköldsvik contract has been awarded to Aker Kvaerner by Övik Energi AB, and is worth around €50m.	Biofuel plants can use wood fuel industry residues like sawdust, round logs and other forest fuel, willow and recycled wood.
The 130MW biofuel-fired boiler plant is under construction.

Pelamis, World’s First Commercial Wave Energy Project, Agucadoura
A total of 31 Pelamis wave machines are planned for the Portugal coast within the year.	Ocean Power Delivery has supplied the first three Pelamis P-750 wave machines to Energias de Portugal.	Joint test rig for the Pelamis “advanced wave energy conversion technology”.
Plan view of a typical wave farm configuration	Test rig for the original “Salter’s Duck”, developed by Professor Stephen Salter of the University of Edinburgh. (image from University of Edinburgh).	One-seventh scale prototype of Pelamis at sea off Edinburgh.
Prediction of Pelamis' power response surface in unit amplitude regular waves against frequency and wave heading.	Power predictions with frequency: comparison of 2D and 3D hydrodynamic coefficients.

Princess Amalia Offshore Wind Farm
The annual power production of the wind farm is approximately 435GW/h.	The uses 60 V80 wind turbines from Vestas.	At a depth of 19-24m, The Princess Amalia is the world's deepest offshore wind farm.
The farm is located on the Dutch Continental Shelf at block Q7 in the Netherlands.	The Princess Amalia was the first offshore wind farm with fully non-recoursed finance.

Rødsand II Wind Farm
Rødsand is, like the Horns Rev offshore wind farm, a demonstration project.	GDP and gross energy consumption for Denmark (Index 1980 = 100).	Degree of Danish self sufficiency.
Danish primary energy production.	Danish oil and gas reserves.	Natural gas consumption and flaring on platforms in the North Sea.
Production and consumption of renewable energy – share of gross energy consumption.

Raft River Geothermal
Power is being bought by Idaho Power Company.	Preparing to remove blind flange from top of well #5.	#5 wellhead with spool and blow out preventer in foreground.
US Geothermal's binary power plant at Raft River.	US Geothermal's plant is a binary facility with water cooling.	US Geothermal's Raft River project is now complete.

Reykjanes Geothermal Power Plant
The 100MWe Geothermal Power Plant at Reykjanes in Iceland.	Two 50MWe turbines are housed in the Reykjanes project building.	Steam comes from a reservoir at 290 to 320°C.
The Reykjanes peninsula is in SW Iceland. The plant and production wells are in the area coloured yellow.	The Reykjanes plant is one of several in South West Iceland.	Simplified schematic for a single-flash power plant.

Robin Rigg Wind Farm
Robin Rigg will be one of the largest offshore wind farms in the UK.	Robin Rigg is in the Solway Firth.	The cables from Robin Rigg come ashore near Seaton, Cumbria.
E.ON has started building the Robin Rigg wind farm.	MT Hojgaard designed, supplied and installed the 60 foundations and the substations for Robin Rigg.	The 60 turbines at Robin Rigg will be supported on foundations which extend 30 to 40m into the sea bed.
MT Hojgaard was awarded the turnkey contract for foundations in 2006.

Roscoe Wind Farm,
The Roscoe wind farm is situated 45 miles south-west of Abilene in Texas, USA. It is owned and operated by Germany-based E.ON Climate and Renewables (EC&R).	The Roscoe wind farm is situated in 100,000 acres of land, primarily used for cotton farming, stretching into the three counties of Mitchell, Nolan and Scurry.	The Roscoe complex is capable of supplying power to 265,000 homes – the power generated in its first two phases was distributed to 100,000 homes.

Salto Caxias Hydroelectric Power Plant
The Salto Caxias hydro power plant is located on the river Iguaçu in Brazil.	The site of the hydropower plant takes advantage of a natural 180° bend in the river.	ABB supplied the control system for Salto Caxias.
Copel supplies power throughout the south of Brazil.	Hydro plants seeking approval in Brazil, 1999.

San Francisco Solar Power, CA
A 50MW solar power facility will come from 140-250 acres of photovoltaic panels on the rooftops of businesses, residential homes and government buildings.	The plant will become the world's largest solar facility.	Since solar technology utilizes much of the same equipment and technologies as conventional power plants it can be easily integrated into the existing grid.
With power tower systems, a field of mirrors or 'heliostats' directs the sun's energy to a receiver which heats the molten salt to produce heat energy.	In trough systems, energy is directed into trough-shaped reflectors to an oil-filled receiver pipe that runs along the inside.	Solar power can be fed directly into the power grid and can benefit homes and businesses across the region.

Scroby Sands Offshore Wind Farm
Scroby Sands is 2.5km offshore Great Yarmouth.	Average Scroby Sands daily and monthly wind speeds in 2005.	Vestas V80 turbines are 60m high.
The turbines were installed in five sections.	Vestas has several installations within Europe.	Lifting the nacelle for installation on top of the tower.

Serpa Solar Power Plant
The 11MW Serpa plant uses 52,000 photovoltaic modules.	The Serpa project was developed by Portuguese renewable energy company Catavento, based in Porto Salvo.	SunPower is supplying some solar modules for Serpa.
A-300 Solar cells from SunPower have an all-back-contact design.	SunPower's STM 200 F are all black solar modules with no visible grid lines or tabs.	Generation current versus optical thickness for SunPower's A-300 solar cell.
SANYO's HIT (Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin layer) solar cell has a single crystalline silicon wafer surrounded by amorphous silicon layers.

Sheringham Shoal Offshore Wind Farm
The Sheringham Shoal offshore wind farm turbines will be placed on foundations fixed to the seabed alongside two offshore substations.	SSO will be the fourth-largest offshore wind farm to be built in the UK and is expected to be fully operational by the end of 2011.	The 315MW Sheringham Shoal offshore wind farm (SSO) is located in the Greater Wash area, 17km from Sheringham and 23km away from Cromer's northern coastline.
The SSO wind farm consists of 88 wind turbines, each with a height of 80m.

Silver Star 1 Wind Farm, Texas
Clipper Windpower's Turbine Control Unit monitors and controls performance.	Silver Star 1 will add 60MW of wind power to the US grid.	The Clipper Windpower design needs only low maintenance.
The $100m project is owned 85% by BP Alternative Energy and 15% by Clipper Windpower.	Silver Star 1 is expected go online in the first quarter of 2008.	Silver Star 1 will supply around 24,000 homes.

Silverton Wind Farm
The project would involve the construction and operation of up to 598 wind turbines.	The wind farm will supply around 3,500GWh of clean, renewable electricity for more than 430,000 New South Wales homes.	Broken Hill location map in New South Wales.

Soda Lake Geothermal Plant, Nevada
Four production wells and four injections wells are installed to supply geothermal fluid to the plants.	The Soda Lake Geothermal Plant is being expanded to generate 16MW of net power.	The plant is owned and operated by Magma Energy.
The Soda lake Geothermal plant is a dual geothermal electric-generating facility.

Solar One Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Plant,
Solar energy received in the southwest US is amongst the highest in the world.	Less than 0.1% of Nevada's land could generate all of the state's electricity needs.	Land with no primary use today, excluding land with slope > 1%, and sensitive land.
CSP is a versatile technique and allows a variety of designs.	Employment impact of constructing, operating, and maintaining 1,000MW of CSP Generation Facilities.	Initial cost of wind power was high but has decreased as installed capacity increased. The same trend should occur for CSP.

Solar Tower, Seville
Solucar's 300MW solar tower is being constructed near Seville, Spain.	The 40-storey concrete tower collects sunlight from a field of over 600 huge mirrors.	Costing just over €1bn, by 2013 the plant will produce enough energy for the city of Seville.
The Solar Platform will use a range of solar technologies.	Dust and water vapour is lit up in the air around the tower, making it glow.	The Solar Platform at Seville has been constructed by Solucar, using a range of solar technologies.

Stevens Croft Wood Burning Plant,
Biofuels seen as contentious. Source: E.ON.	Biofules seen as non-contentious. Source: E.ON.	Boiler load against biomass flow. Source E.ON.
E.ON's project structure for Stevens Croft.	Stevens Croft is a €132m 44MWe Bubbling Fluidised Bed plant. Source E.ON.	Stevens Croft was built by a Siemens/Kvaerner consortium. Source E.ON.
The E.ON plant will burn 475,000t of sustainable wood a year.

Strangford Lough Tidal Turbine,
MCT is developing the world's first commercial-scale tidal turbine in Northern Ireland's Strangford Lough.	SeaGen was installed in Strangford Lough in May 2008 (DETI).	Each 1.2MW SeaGen unit has two 600KW turbines (DETI).
SeaGen is much smaller than a wind turbine with comparable output. (DETI).	Methods for supporting a tidal turbine rotor against the thrust of the current (DETI).	405m grid Tidal Model of the Irish Sea: flood (left) and ebb (right) showing areas with strongest currents (DETI).

SunRay Renewable Energy Solar Plant
Sunray's Montalto di Castro plant generates a peak power of 24MW using 80,000 solar panels.	Italy's largest Italian photovoltaic plant is located at Montalto di Castro in the province of Viterbo, Lazio.	By tracking the sun during the day, Sunray's modern tracker technology will provide 25% more energy compared with stationed tilt systems.

Tala Hydroelectric Project
The Tala dam feeds a 22km-long headrace tunnel.	The Kingdom of Bhutan is squeezed between India and China.	The IDE (Institute of Developing Economies) reports that Bhutan has shown strong but sporadic growth since the 1990s.
Bhutan exports predominately to India.	Bhutan imports mainly from India.

Tamil Nadu Wind Farm
Gamesa supplied the G58-850kW turbines for Muppendal.	Gamesa's 850kW turbines are for medium and high winds.	The Tamil Nadu turbines are being supplied by Spain's Gamesa Corporacion Tecnologica.
The turbines are being built in Muppandal, Tamil Nadu.	Growth of wind power in India and Tamil Nadu.	Gamesa is supplying 20 new 850kW turbines.

Three Gorges Dam Hydroelectric Power Plant
China's Yangtze Three Gorges Dam Project Development Corporation began initial works on a hydroelectric power plant at the Three Gorges Dam in 1993. 14 Francis units of 700MW each will come on-line on the left bank of the Yangtze River between 2003 and 2006. (image courtesy of ABB)	Yangtze River, Asia's longest, has caused disastrous floods downstream over the years and is set to stabilise with the construction of the Three Gorges Dam. This will allow much larger ships to sail from Shanghai as far as Chongqing, 2,000km from the sea.	The left bank generator. ABB supplies eight generators under a contract deemed to be worth around $250 million, working closely together with Alstom and Kvaerner. (image courtesy of ABB)
Flooding of the Three Gorges Dam began in June 2003. The total cost of the project is immense - around $25 billion. (image courtesy of ABB)	ABB is supplying high-voltage equipment for the project.	International Rivers Network has campaigned against the Three Gorges project. In Gaoyang, a worker sits on a demolished building.
ABB's high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems increase transmission capacity while stabilizing networks.

Tianhuangping Pumped-Storage Hydro Plant
The Tianhuangping pumped storage hydroelectric project is the biggest of its kind in Asia.	The 1,800MW Tianhuangping plant is located in Anji County in Zhejiang.	The Tianhuangping pumped-storage hydro plant cost around $1.08 billion, and came online in 2001.
China is ramping up its electric power capacity to meet growing demand.

Victorville Solar Power Generating Station, California
SCE and SES are building a 1,800ha solar generating station in Southern California, USA.	Victorville will be the world's largest solar project, producing more electricity than the rest of the USA's solar projects combined.	The mirror array focuses the sun's rays on a power conversion unit, which forms the receiver end of the Stirling engine.
Comparative tests have shown Stirling dishes to be significantly more efficient than other large-scale solar technologies.	Rendering of SES dish Stirling system power plant.	In the Stirling engine, hydrogen gas is heated and expands. The pressure drives a piston, crankshaft and drive shaft assembly.
SES dish Stirling system Power Conversion Unit (PCU) on maintenance stand with heater head removed.

Wartsila Biomass-Fuelled Power Plant,
The two Wartsila plants will use spent grain from breweries run by Scottish and Newcastle in Manchester and Tadcaster, alongside wood chips, to produce electricity.	The plants will be the world's first to utilise spent grain for producing power.	Wartsila has conducted thorough research on the processing of grains, which are known to have difficult combustion properties.

Western Wood Energy Biomass Plant,
The Western Wood Energy biomass plant will burn 160,000t of clean wood a year, supplied by the South Wales-based Forestry Commission to generate 14MWe.	The plant will burn 20t of wood chips an hour – the chips arrive at the plant via trucks every hour or two. Round wood is stored on site and chipped as required.	Location of the Western Wood Energy biomass plant in South Wales, UK.

Westwind Project
Meridian Energy has ordered 62 Siemens turbines for its 140MW West Wind project.	Siemens' turbines are being installed at New Zealand’s largest wind farm.	The West Wind project is now being built using Siemens' turbines in New Zealand.
The turbine design is similar to Siemens' previous MW models.	West Wind is on land to the west of Wellington in New Zealand.	The view of Makara Domain – before (above) and after (below) the turbines were installed.
Makara Beach – before (above) and after (below).

Wood Burning Power Station at Wilton 10
Wilton 10 (shown in the background) is the UK's first large scale wood-fired biomass power station.	Foster Wheeler designed, built and commissioned the complete boiler island.	Siemens' PCS7 control system uses digital sensors like this pressure transducer.
One fifth of the wood comes from short rotation coppice willow, supplied by Greenergy.	Greenergy supply customers from nine terminals across the UK.	Wilton was Greenergy's first biomass contract.
Siemens' PCS7 control system is part of the Wilton 10 biomass power station.	Siemens' SST 400 steam turbine/generator set uses the PCS7 control system.

Wood Chip Burning Plant, Schiller Station, Portsmouth, New Hampshire
A 50MW boiler is being fired by wood chips at the Schiller Station in Portsmouth.	PSNH is New Hampshire's largest electric utility.	PSNH's generation plants are powered by a diverse fuel mix.
The $70m project will burn above 400,000t of wood a year.	Wood for the Northern Wood project is being sourced locally.	The planned expansion of the Schiller Station is one of New Hampshire's largest renewable energy projects.
The wood-fired plant will power around 50,000 New Hampshire homes.

Xiaolangdi Hydroelectric Power Plant
The 1,836MW Xiaolangdi dam is now generating 5.1 billion kWh of electricity a year.	Nielsen-Wurster was engaged by the Lot 3 Contractor to help with dispute resolution during the planning and construction of the Xiaolangdi hydroelectric power plant.	Percentage growth in installed capacity, generation and GDP in China 1991–98.
Installed capacity by network in China, 1998.	Major hydropower projects under construction in China, 1999.

Yuncan Hydroelectric Project
J-POWER / EPDC tendered and supervised construction of the Yuncan project, funded by the OECF of Japan.	The Yuncan project is located in the Paucartambo and Huachón Districts, Pasco Province. Source: EIA DOE.	Because hydroelectric power varies with rainfall, Peru has increased its use of natural gas for generating electricity. Source: EIA DOE.
Well drilling in Peru has decreased since the 1990s. Source: EIA DOE.	Peru is one of five members of the Andean Community, headquartered in Lima, Peru.	Peru has been integrating its power grid with those of Colombia and Ecuador, fellow CAN members.
The Vertical Pelton turbine was supplied by VA Tech.

Browse Projects