The Greater Changhua offshore wind farm projects are being developed at four sites in the Taiwan Strait, approximately 35–60km off the coast of Changhua County, Taiwan.
The wind farms comprise the Greater Changhua 1 and 2a wind farms with a capacity of 900MW, the Greater Changhua 2b and 4 wind farms with a capacity of 920MW and the future Greater Changhua 3 project with a capacity of 600MW.
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Danish energy company Orsted is the developer of the projects.
The Greater Changhua 1 wind farm is owned by Orsted (50%) and the Caisse de depot et placement du Quebec and Cathay Private Equity consortium (50%), while the Greater Changhua 2a wind farm is 100% owned by Orsted.
The Greater Changhua 2b wind farm is 100% owned by Orsted, while the Greater Changhua 4 wind farm is owned by Orsted (50%) and Cathay Life and Cathay PE (50%).
Onshore construction for the Changhua 1 and 2a wind farms started in November 2019, while offshore construction commenced in March 2021. The wind farms were completed and inaugurated in April 2024.
Onshore construction of the Greater Changhua 2b and 4 wind farms commenced in the third quarter of 2023 (Q3 2023), while offshore construction commenced in February 2025.
The final wind turbine at the Greater Changhua 2b and 4 offshore wind farms was installed in January 2026. Full commercial operations of the wind farms are expected in Q3 2026.
Upon completion, the four Greater Changhua offshore wind farms will form Taiwan’s largest wind power complex, capable of powering approximately 2.8 million Taiwanese households.
Development background
The Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration approved the four offshore wind farm projects in February 2018. Orsted received approval from the Taiwanese Government in April 2018 to connect 900MW of wind capacity (Changhua 1 and 2a) to Taiwan’s national grid.
The right to build the Changhua 2b and 4 projects was awarded in June 2018. Orsted reached the final investment decision (FID) on the Greater Changhua 1 and 2a wind projects in April 2019.
In August 2022, Orsted inaugurated the Orsted Taiwan Offshore Wind Farms O&M Hub in the port city of Taichung. It is the first operations facility and the largest in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region in terms of size and offshore services capacity.
The FID on the Greater Changhua 2b and 4 projects was made in March 2023.
The Greater Changhua offshore wind farms are the second Taiwanese project that Orsted is involved in developing after the Formosa 1 offshore wind farm, which commenced operations in 2020.
Details of the Greater Changhua wind farms project
The 900MW Greater Changhua 1 and 2a wind farms comprise Changhua 1 with a capacity of 605.2MW and Changhua 2a with a capacity of 294.8MW. The wind farms are located at a water depth between 34.4m and 44.1m across an area of 108.7km².
The Greater Changhua 2b (337.1MW) and 4 (582.9MW) offshore wind farms cover an area of 185km². The site lies in water depths ranging from 23.8m to 44.1m.
The TSS Pioneer, a Taiwan-flagged purpose-built service operation vessel (SOV) has been deployed for the operation and maintenance (O&M) of the four wind farms. The SOV can accommodate up to 60 technicians and the crew and operate at sea for 30 days.
Various vessels were used for the construction of the wind farms, including Heerema Marine Contractors’ Aegir fast-sailing heavy-lift vessel, Cadeler’s Wind Maker installation vessel, the MV Lone dynamic positioning installation vessel, the Bold Tern jack-up vessel and the Nexus cable-laying vessel.
Wind turbine details
The Greater Changhua 1 and 2a wind farms are installed with 111 8MW SG 8.0-167 DD offshore wind turbines. It is designed to withstand typhoons, seismic activities, and high and low ambient temperatures.
The turbine has a rotor diameter of 167m, a swept area of 21,900m² and uses 81.4m-long SGRE B81 blades.
The turbines are installed on steel jacket foundations, each weighing more than 1,200t and standing roughly 60–80m tall. The jacket foundations are installed on three pin-piles driven into the seabed and engineered specifically for the metocean and seabed conditions at the wind farms, providing the durability needed to operate for an expected 25–30-year service life.
The Greater Changhua 2b and 4 wind farms comprise 66 units of 14 MW SG 14-236 wind turbines. The wind turbines feature 115m-long blades, which are the largest of their kind in the world and the first installation of their kind globally.
The turbines are installed on piling-free suction bucket jacket (SBJ) foundations, which vary between 73m and 85m in height and weigh between 2,050t and 2,400t.
The foundations are designed to limit disruption to the seabed, with installation producing little to no noise, and can be completely decommissioned and removed once the wind farm reaches the end of its life. They also act as a habitat for marine organisms, aligning with Orsted’s wider environmental aims and focus on living alongside nature.
Transmission details of the Greater Changhua wind farms
The Greater Changhua 1 and 2a wind farms contain two offshore high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) transformer platforms and two onshore HVAC substations located in Changhua Coastal Park.
Construction of the two offshore substations comprising topside modules and jacket foundations was completed in September 2021.
The wind turbines are connected to the offshore substations through a 66kV transmission system, while power generated is evacuated through two 57km-long 230kV subsea export cables running from the offshore substation to the onshore landing point.
In addition, 4.35km-long 161kV export cables connect the onshore stations to the Taiwan Power Company-operated Chang One A substation, the grid point of connection in Changhua County.
The Greater Changhua 2b and 4 wind farms are installed with a 600MW offshore substation and two onshore substations. The offshore substation features a 3,260t topside and 3,137t jacket foundations.
The wind turbines are connected to the offshore substation through a 66kV transmission system, while power is evacuated through three export cables with a total length of 175km.
Power purchase agreements
Orsted signed a 20-year power-purchase agreement with Taipower to sell the electricity generated from the Greater Changhua 1 and 2a wind farms in January 2019.
The feed-in tariff can be chosen as either a 20-year flat tariff of T$5,516 (approximately $178.8) per MW-hour (MWh) or a tiered tariff of T$6,279.5/MWh for the first ten years and T$4,142.2/MWh for the subsequent ten years.
Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company partnered with Orsted to off-take the full production of electricity generated from Greater Changhua 2b and 4 wind farms for 20 years under a fixed-price contract signed in July 2020.
Financing
In June 2019, Orsted secured a five-year T$25bn ($799m) syndicated green revolving loan facility for the project from 15 banks.
The banks were Bank of Taiwan, Mega International Commercial Bank, Chang Hwa Commercial Bank, Land Bank of Taiwan and Taiwan Cooperative Bank, in addition of First Commercial Bank, Hua Nan Commercial Bank, Taiwan Business Bank, BNP Paribas and Cathay United Bank. E. Sun Commercial Bank, Taishin International Bank, CTBC Bank, KGI Bank and Deutsche Bank were the remaining banks.
In July 2025, Orsted secured a project finance facility backed by 25 lenders and five export credit agencies (ECAs), raising around T$90bn to fund the 632MW Greater Changhua 2 project, comprising Greater Changhua 2a and Greater Changhua 2b.
The ECAs are Export Finance Norway, the Export and Investment Fund of Denmark, the Export-Import Bank of Korea, the Export-Import Bank of the Republic of China and UK Export Finance.
Contractors involved
Taiwan Cogeneration and Star Energy were responsible for the engineering, procurement and construction of two onshore substations, cable corridors, landfalls and transition joint bays for the Greater Changhua 1 and 2a project under a $227m contract signed in November 2018.
Local suppliers involved in the development of the onshore substations are Gibsin Engineers, Chung Hsin Electric & Machinery Manufacturing, Fortune Electric, Reiju Construction and Jen Yi Construction, as well as Yankey Engineering, Marketech International, Cheng Lead Engineering, Gwo Jieh Fire Protection and Chu Kuo Air Conditioner Engineer. Also involved were Jen Huei Glass, Kao Hui Construction, Genies Technologies Global and Chang-lu Gravel.
Taiwan Cogeneration and Star Energy were also awarded the contract to develop the onshore substation for the Greater Changhua 2b and 4 offshore wind farms.
Keppel won a contract worth more than $150m (S$190.49m) for detailed EPC, testing and commissioning of two 600MW offshore wind farm substations in May 2019.
Ramboll designed the topside and substructure of the Greater Changhua 1 and 2a wind farm substations and executed the detailed design of the offshore switchyard in 2019.
Ta San Shang Marine, a joint venture (JV) between Taiwan’s Ta Tong Marine and Japan’s Mitsui OSK Lines, was contracted to build and charter an SOV for the O&M of Greater Changhua offshore wind farms under a 15-year contract signed in April 2020.
Sing Da Marine Structure, a subsidiary of China Steel Corporation, was responsible for manufacturing turbine jacket foundations for the Greater Changhua 1 and 2a wind farms.
Dredging company DEME was contracted to carry out seabed levelling and scour protection for the Greater Changhua 2b and 4 offshore wind farms in October 2023.
ABL, a UK-based consultancy for oil and gas, maritime and renewables, was appointed by Orsted in May 2024 to provide marine warranty survey services for the offshore transportation and installation of the turbines and cables for the project.
Engineering company Seatrium was awarded the EPC contract for the offshore substation for the Greater Changhua 2b and 4 wind farms.
Siemens Gamesa supplied the wind turbines and two offshore substations for the Greater Changhua 1 and 2a project and also supplied wind turbines for the Greater Changhua 2b and 4 wind farms.
In March 2026, Deutsche Windtechnik, an independent global offshore wind O&M service provider, secured contracts covering the offshore substation for the Greater Changhua 4 offshore wind farm and the onshore substations serving the Greater Changhua 2b and 4 offshore wind farms.
Mammoet-Giant Taiwan, a JV between Mammoet, an engineered heavy lifting and transport specialist, and Taiwanese Giant Heavy Machinery Services, delivered engineering and design services on the project, including transportation and installation of jacket foundations.
Heerema, Sika, H2Offshore Engineering, Van Oord and Ho Lung Power Engineering, along with James Fisher Renewables, Sarens, Pulse Structural Monitoring, PetroVietnam Technical Services and Jan De Nul Group are just some of the other contractors involved in the project.
